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Cell,Vol 133, 1145-1148,Steen K.T. Ooi,Timothy H. Bestor
The Colorful History of Active DNA Demethylation
teen K.T. Ooi and Timothy H. Bestor
Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Patterns of DNA cytosine methylation are subject to mitotic inheritance in both plants and vertebrates. Plants use 5-methylcytosine glycosylases and the base excision repair pathway to remove excess cytosine methylation. In mammals, active demethylation has been proposed to operate via several very different mechanisms. Two recent reports in Nature now claim that the demethylation process is initiated by the same enzymes that establish the methylation mark, the DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B