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Mitoflash frequency in early adulthood predicts lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
En-Zhi Shen， Chun-Qing Song， Yuan Lin， Wen-Hong Zhang， Pei-Fang Su， Wen-Yuan Liu， Pan Zhang， Jiejia Xu， Na Lin， Cheng Zhan， Xianhua Wang， Yu Shyr， Heping Cheng & Meng-Qiu Dong
It has been theorized for decades that mitochondria act as the biological clock of ageing1， but the evidence is incomplete. Here we show a strong coupling between mitochondrial function and ageing by in vivo visualization of the mitochondrial flash (mitoflash)， a frequency-coded optical readout reflecting free-radical production and energy metabolism at the single-mitochondrion level2， 3. Mitoflash activity in Caenorhabditis elegans pharyngeal muscles peaked on adult day 3 during active reproduction and on day 9 when animals started to die off. A plethora of genetic mutations and environmental factors inversely modified the lifespan and the day-3 mitoflash frequency. Even within an isogenic population， the day-3 mitoflash frequency was negatively correlated with the lifespan of individual animals. Furthermore， enhanced activity of the glyoxylate cycle contributed to the decreased day-3 mitoflash frequency and the longevity of daf-2 mutant animals. These results demonstrate that the day-3 mitoflash frequency is a powerful predictor of C.？elegans lifespan across genetic， environmental and stochastic factors. They also support the notion that the rate of ageing， although adjustable in later life， has been set to a considerable degree before reproduction ceases.
