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YATES PASMA
| Flammability | 1 | |
| Toxicity | 3 | |
| Body Contact | 2 | |
| Reactivity | 0 | |
| Chronic | 4 | |
| SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4 | ||
Selective herbicide used for the control of paspalum and summer grass in fine turf.
Operators should be trained in procedures for safe use of this material. DO NOT use until
supplied directions for use have been read and understood.
"monosodium methylarsonate herbicide"
Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed.
Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long- term adverse effects in the
aquatic environment.
Toxic effects may result from the accidental ingestion of the material; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 40 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual. Ingestion may produce nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, bloody stools, shock, rapid pulse and coma. Severe gastritis or gastroenteritis may occur as a result of lesions produced by vascular damage from absorbed arsenic (and not local corrosion); symptoms may be delayed for several hours. Eventually a violent hemorrhagic gastroenteritis leads to profound loss of fluid and electrolyte resulting in shock and death. Occasionally alimentary symptoms are mild or absent in which case symptoms are usually referable to the central nervous system, headache, vertigo, muscle spasm or convulsion, delirium and, sometimes, mania. In advanced poisonings by arsenic and its inorganic salts, nervous symptoms are prominent; disorders of the brain (encephalopathies) and peripheral neuritis (more commonly) have been described. A prickling sensation (paresthesia), decreased sensitivity to sensation and pain (hypoesthesia), eventually paralysis and muscular atrophy appear, usually in the legs. "Glove and stocking' distribution of sensory loss may be prominent. The toxic moiety is presumed to be trivalent arsenic in the form of inorganic arsenious acid (arsenite) or an organic arsenoxide. Arsenites are active enzyme inhibitors. Arsenic and its compounds may damage the stem cell which acts as the precursor to components of the blood. Loss of the stem cell may result in pancytopenia (a reduction in the number of red and white blood cells and platelets) with a latency period corresponding to the lifetime of the individual blood cells. Granulocytopenia (a reduction in granular leukocytes) develops within days and thrombocytopenia (a disorder involving platelets), within 1-2 weeks, whilst loss of erythrocytes (red blood cells) need months to become clinically manifest. Aplastic anaemia develops due to complete destruction of the stem cells.
Although the material is not thought to be an irritant, direct contact with the eye may produce transient discomfort characterized by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn). The liquid may produce eye discomfort causing smarting, pain and redness. The material may be irritating to the eye, with prolonged contact causing inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.
The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects or skin irritation following contact (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless, good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational setting. Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material. Arsenic can cause skin irritation characterized by eczema, scaling, sensitization, and discoloration and thickening of the palms and soles. Toxic effects may result from skin absorption. The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and thickening of the skin.
The material is not thought to produce respiratory irritation (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless inhalation of the material, especially for prolonged periods, may produce respiratory discomfort and occasionally, distress.
Principal routes of exposure are usually by skin contact and inhalation of vapor/spray mist. Long-term exposure to arsenic and its inorganic salts may produce loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, low fever, persistent headache, pallor, weakness and phlegm. Skin effects include redness, eczema, pigmentation, diffuse hair loss, scaling of the palms and soles, sloughing, brittle nails, white lines or bands on the nails, loss of hair and nails, and localized swelling. Kidney damage can occur and liver enlargement with jaundice may develop into cirrhosis (hardening of the liver), with fluid in the abdomen. Nervous system effects involving the extremities (numbness, tingling, burning pain, weakness, inco-ordination) may also occur. Arsenic is well-known to cause cancer in humans.
