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YTTRIUM(III) NITRATE, HEXAHYDRATE
| Flammability | 1 | |
| Toxicity | 2 | |
| Body Contact | 2 | |
| Reactivity | 3 | |
| Chronic | 2 | |
| SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4 | ||
Reagent. catalyst.
H12-N3-O15-Y, "nitric acid, yttrium(3+) salt", "yttrium (III) nitrate (1:3)", "yttrium
(III) nitrate (1:3)"
Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.
Contact with combustible material may cause fire.
Contact with acids liberates toxic gas.
Irritating to eyes.
Although ingestion is not thought to produce harmful effects, the material may still be damaging to the health of the individual following ingestion, especially where pre- existing organ (e.g. liver, kidney) damage is evident. Present definitions of harmful or toxic substances are generally based on doses producing mortality (death) rather than those producing morbidity (disease, ill-health). Gastrointestinal tract discomfort may produce nausea and vomiting. In an occupational setting however, ingestion of insignificant quantities is not thought to be cause for concern. The substance and/or its metabolites may bind to hemoglobin inhibiting normal uptake of oxygen. This condition, known as "methemoglobinemia", is a form of oxygen starvation (anoxia). Symptoms include cyanosis (a bluish discoloration skin and mucous membranes) and breathing difficulties. Symptoms may not be evident until several hours after exposure. At about 15% concentration of blood methemoglobin there is observable cyanosis of the lips, nose and earlobes. Symptoms may be absent although euphoria, flushed face and headache are commonly experienced. At 25-40%, cyanosis is marked but little disability occurs other than that produced on physical exertion. At 40-60%, symptoms include weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, increasingly severe headache, ataxia, rapid shallow respiration, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, lethargy and stupor. Above 60% symptoms include dyspnea, respiratory depression, tachycardia or bradycardia, and convulsions. Levels exceeding 70% may be fatal.
This material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons.
The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects or skin irritation following contact (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless, good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational setting. Solution of material in moisture on the skin, or perspiration, mayincrease irritant effects.
There is some evidence to suggest that this material, if inhaled, can irritate the throat and lungs of some persons. Although inhalation is not thought to produce harmful effects, the material may still produce health damage, especially where pre-existing organ (e.g. liver, kidney) damage is evident. Present definitions of harmful or toxic substances are generally confined to doses producing mortality (death) rather than those producing morbidity (disease, ill- health). Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled.
Principal routes of exposure are by accidental skin and eye contact andinhalation of generated dusts. Yttrium is a rare earth metal - heavy type (yttrium family). There has been no reports of poisoning in workers, although the metal can cause chest X-ray abnormalities due to its high density. It can cause scarring of the lungs, anemia and changes in blood cell distribution, due to inhalation of their dusts.
